Table 10: Barge Grain Movements

Our goals with this dataset were to 1) isolate, culture, and identify two fungal life stages of Aspergillus flavus, 2) characterize the volatile emissions from grain inoculated by each fungal morphotype, and 3) understand how microbially-produced volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) from each fungal morphotype affect foraging, attraction, and preference by S. oryzae. This dataset includes that derived from headspace collection coupled with GC-MS, where we found the sexual life stage of A. flavus had the most unique emissions of MVOCs compared to the other semiochemical treatments. This translated to a higher arrestment with kernels containing grain with the A. flavus sexual life stage, as well as a higher cumulative time spent in those zones by S. oryzae in a video-tracking assay in comparison to the asexual life stage. While fungal cues were important for foraging at close-range, the release-recapture assay indicated that grain volatiles were more important for attraction at longer distances. There was no significant preference between grain and MVOCs in a four-way olfactometer, but methodological limitations in this assay prevent broad interpretation. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of how fungal cues affect the foraging ecology of a primary stored product insect. In the assays described herein, we analyzed the behavioral response of Sitophilus oryzae to five different blends of semiochemicals found and introduced in wheat (Table 1). Briefly, these included no stimuli (negative control), UV-sanitized grain, clean grain from storage (unmanipulated, positive control), as well as grain from storage inoculated with fungal morphotype 1 (M1, identified as the asexual life stage of Aspergillus flavus) and fungal morphotype 2 (M2, identified as the sexual life stage of A. flavus). Fresh samples of semiochemicals were used for each day of testing for each assay. In order to prevent cross-contamination, 300 g of grain (tempered to 15% grain moisture) was initially sanitized using UV for 20 min. This procedure was done before inoculating grain with either morphotype 1 or 2. The 300 g of grain was kept in a sanitized mason jar (8.5 D × 17 cm H). To inoculate grain with the two different morphologies, we scraped an entire isolation from a petri dish into the 300 g of grain. Each isolation was ~1 week old and completely colonized by the given morphotype. After inoculation, each treatment was placed in an environmental chamber (136VL, Percival Instruments, Perry, IA, USA) set at constant conditions (30°C, 65% RH, and 14:10 L:D). This procedure was the same for both morphologies and was done every 2 weeks to ensure fresh treatments for each experimental assay. See file list for descriptions of each data file.

Figure 10: Grain Barge Movements through Mississippi River Locks 27

Figure 12: Grain Barges Unloaded in the New Orleans Port Region

Table 16: Grain Inspections for Export by Port Region

Table 1: Grain Transport Cost Indicators

Table 5: Rail Car Auction Offerings

Table 2: Market Update: U.S. Origins to Export Position Price Spreads ($/bushel)

Figure 4, 5, 6: Bids/Offers for Railcars to be Delivered in the Secondary Market

Grain Transportation Report Table 3: Rail Deliveries to Port

Figure 17: Grain Vessel Rates, U.S. to Japan

Figure 8: Illinois River Barge Freight Rate

Table 17: Weekly Port Region Grain Ocean Vessel Activity (number of vessels)

Figure 7: Railroad Fuel Surcharges, North American Weight Average

What is Stored Grain Advisor? Stored Grain Advisor (SGA) is a decision support system for the managemement of insect pests of farm-stored wheat. SGA predicts the likelihood of insect infestation, and recommends preventative and remedial action. It also provides advice on how to sample and identify insect pests of stored wheat. Computer models of insect population growth allow SGA to predict future insect populations in the grain bin, as well as the breakdown of insecticides, the effects of fumigation, and cooling the wheat with aeration. The ability of Stored Grain Advisor to graphically show insect population trends makes it a powerful educational tool. Requirements Version 3.04 runs under Microsoft Windows 98, 2000, XP, and 32 bit Vista. Instructions Remove any previous versions of SGA using the uninstaller included with the program. Download SgaSetup.exe to your computer. Run SgaSetup.exe and follow the Installer's instructions. Delete SgaSetup.exe.

What is Stored Grain Advisor? Stored Grain Advisor (SGA) is a decision support system for the managemement of insect pests of farm-stored wheat. SGA predicts the likelihood of insect infestation, and recommends preventative and remedial action. It also provides advice on how to sample and identify insect pests of stored wheat. Computer models of insect population growth allow SGA to predict future insect populations in the grain bin, as well as the breakdown of insecticides, the effects of fumigation, and cooling the wheat with aeration. The ability of Stored Grain Advisor to graphically show insect population trends makes it a powerful educational tool. Requirements Version 3.04 runs under Microsoft Windows 98, 2000, XP, and 32 bit Vista. Instructions Remove any previous versions of SGA using the uninstaller included with the program. Download SgaSetup.exe to your computer. Run SgaSetup.exe and follow the Installer's instructions. Delete SgaSetup.exe. SGA Pro SGA Pro was designed for use in commercial elevators as part of the Areawide IPM Project for stored grain. Grain samples are taken with a vacuum probe and processed over an inclined sieve. SGA Pro analyzes the insect data, grain temperatures and moistures, and determines which bins need to be fumigated. (NOTE: available but unsupported.) This program runs under Microsoft Windows 98, 2000, XP, Vista, and Win7. Note: Win7 may require Windows Classic theme to display properly. SGA Pro was designed for use in commercial elevators (concrete silos, etc). This system takes a sampling based approach to managing insect pests. Grain samples are taken with a vacuum probe, and processed over an inclined sieve. SGA Pro analyzes the insect data, grain temperatures and moistures, and determines which bins need to be fumigated. This software was developed for the Areawide IPM Project.

Table 8: Tariff Rail Rates for U.S. Bulk Grain Shipments to Mexico

Table 7: Tariff Rail Rates for Unit and Shuttle Train Shipments

Table 15: Top 10 Importers of U.S. Wheat

Table 13: Top 5 Importers of U.S. Corn

Table 14: Top 5 Importers of U.S. Soybeans

Table 12: U.S. Export Balances and Cumulative Exports

Figure 15: U.S. Grain Inspections: U.S. Gulf and PNW

Figure 16: U.S. Gulf Vessel Loading Activity

Figure 11: Up Bound Empty Barges

Table 9: Weekly Barge Freight Rates for Southbound Only Shipments