Baseline Geology and Deep Hydrogeology at the Zama Acid Gas-EOR Site

This submission supersedes pressure data from March 2017 which can be found as a link in the submission resources. This submission contains 3 .csv files with time series pressure data in 3 observation wells at Brady Geothermal Field as part of the PoroTomo project. These pressure files correct a time stamp issue that was in older data which did not correct for daylight savings time which occurred 13 Mar 2016 at 0900 UTC. The data here provides borehole pressures at different temperatures and times. The timeframe each resource was taken in varies between each resource and can be found in the resource descriptions.

*This submission provides corrections to GDR Submissions 844 and 845* Poroelastic Tomography (PoroTomo) by Adjoint Inverse Modeling of Data from Hydrology. The 3 *csv files containing pressure data are the corrected versions of the pressure dataset found in Submission 844. The dataset has been corrected in the sense that the atmospheric pressure has been subtracted from the total pressure measured in the well. Also, the transducers used at wells 56A-1 and SP-2 are sensitive to surface temperature fluctuations. These temperature effects have been removed from the corrected datasets. The 4th *csv file contains corrected version of the pumping data found in Submission 845. The data has been corrected in the sense that the data from several wells that were used during the PoroTomo deployment pumping tests that were not included in the original dataset has been added. In addition, several other minor changes have been made to the pumping records due to flow rate instrument calibration issues that were discovered.

Since the output files for this publication were in excess of 300GB, this repository contains the python scripts required to re-create the output files for the corresponding publication. If you only need the output files directly, the first author can send you a hard drive with the raw output upon request.

This package includes the data and Python files for the publication "Non‐Gaussian parameter inference for hydrogeological models using Stein Variational Gradient Descent".

This database contains mapped data of groundwater data and projects carried out by the Institute. Most data is for Germany, but there is are also global data and data for Jordan and Zambia. Global data include: Aquifer maps (extent), global groundwater vunlerability to floods and droughts, river and groundwater basins, global groundwater resources. Jordan data include: Simplified Hydrogeological map, cross sectional hydrological units, ground contours of key aquifers, sandstone aquifer depth, groundwater level contours, Saturated thickness of different specified aquifers (including A1 A2 A4 A6 A7 B2), Average spring discharge, Groundwater vunlerability. For Zambia data includes: Hydrogeological maps, land use maps (Lusaka), Grounwater vulnerability maps, Hydrogeological maps (4 regional maps)

This report presents the geologic framework critical in understanding spring discharge and the hydrogeology in Black Canyon directly south of Lake Mead below Hoover Dam, Nevada and Arizona. Most of the springs are thermal 2 Geologic Framework of Thermal Springs, Black Canyon, Nevada and Arizona with temperatures as much as 45 degrees C. This study is part of a hydrogeologic and geochemical study of the Black Canyon thermal springs by the U.S. Geological Survey, funded by the National Park Service and National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The study consisted of (1) compilation of existing geologic mapping, augmented by new field geologic mapping and geochronology (Felger and others, 2014), (2) collection and analysis of structural data adjacent to the springs of interest (appendix 1; Anderson and Beard, 2011; Beard and others, 2011a), and (3) construction of regional cross sections (pl. 1). The most significant results identify faults, fracture zones, and rock characteristics that influence the hydrogeology of Black Canyon. Additional results include refinement of the volcanic stratigraphy based on field mapping and new geochronology. This report will be integrated into a companion hydrogeologic report that includes new geochemical and spring flow data that describes groundwater components of Black Canyon thermal springs (M. Moran, written commun, 2013).

Further information is available at https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/doe/groundwater-dependent-terrestrial-ecosystems.PDF

From October 2000 through June 2002, the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources conducted geologic mapping on the Pueblo of Picuris as part of a three phase hydrogeologic project for the Pueblo. This work produced a geologic map of the Picuris reservation, and results were summarized in a Phase 1 Final Technical Report dated June 2002. From June 2003 through December 2004, the Bureau continued work on the hydrologic and water quality aspects of the project, which comprised phases 2 and 3 of the study. These phases of work included a well and spring inventory, water level measurements, assessment of the quality of groundwater and surface water, evaluations of the subsurface hydrogeology of aquifers and the interaction between groundwater, surface water and potential sources of contamination in the vicinity of the confluence of the Rio Pueblo de Picuris, Rio Santa Barbara, Rio Chiquito, and Chamizal Creek. This report summarizes the data collected and findings of these final two phases of the hydrogeologic assessment of groundwater and surface water resources on the Pueblo of Picuris.

Paper describing Appalachian Basin Hydrogeology; includes groundwater statistics, maps, diagrams, and charts.

These publications are related to water, water resources, and hydrogeology. The Groundwater Reports series was discontinued and was superseded by the Hydrologic Reports series. Hydrogeologic Sheets are essentially geologic maps of relatively small areas with a hydrogeologic focus and include data on groundwater elevation and chemistry. Of course, a large number of our publications not listed here — like geologic maps, open-file reports, and several of our technical monographs — relate directly or indirectly to water resources as well. We also have two Decision Makers Field Guides that focused on water resource issues that are written for a non-technical audience. See our Aquifer Mapping Program page for the results of more current water-related work.

"This report presents the results of a hydrogeologic investigation along the western Sacramento Mountains and the northeastern region of the Tularosa Basin. The principal objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of the water chemistry, physical hydrology and geologic framework that controls the occurrence and movement of groundwater in the region. Numerous small, rural population centers, including Carrizozo, Nogal, Oscuro, Three Rivers, Tularosa, and La Luz, are located in the study area. These communities rely on high elevation watersheds in the Sacramento Mountains that serve as sources of recharge to local aquifers. These high elevation watersheds also feed the stream systems that drain into the Tularosa Basin. In recent years, water managers and users across the region have observed changes in precipitation patterns, climate variability, and declines in water levels and spring flow. In response to these stresses on the hydrologic system related to population growth, economic development, and water use changes, water resource managers are interested in understanding their groundwater system better, allowing them to make informed decisions regarding land and water resource management. Hydrologic study of the Tularosa Basin dates back to the early 1900s based on work by Meinzer and Hare (1915). This initial research, as well as more recent studies conducted in the past 50 years, has emphasized the role that precipitation, which falls on the adjacent Sacramento Mountains, plays on recharge entering the Tularosa Basin. Although the present study focuses primarily on the northeastern region of the Tularosa Basin, it adds to the understanding of the regional hydrogeology and provides evidence of the importance of high mountain precipitation in recharging adjacent regional aquifers. The results of this work includes identification of recharge areas, quantification of recharge to groundwater, determination of groundwater flow directions and flow rates, and it furthers the understanding of groundwater/ surface water interactions in this area." This contains hydrogeologic data from the above study.

Groundwater bodies are defined under the Water Framework Directive for Northern Ireland

The Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership, covering nine U.S. states in the northern Plains and the three Prairie provinces in Canada, is conducting a research program of assessing the technical and economic feasibility of capturing and storing (sequestering) CO2 emissions from stationary sources in the central interior of North America. The four-year Phase II program, currently run by the PCOR Partnership, aims to demonstrate the efficacy of CO2 sequestration in a variety of subsurface and terrestrial settings at four sites, among them being the acid-gas enhanced oil recovery (EOR) project run by Apache Canada Ltd. in the Zama oil field in northwestern Alberta. Alberta Environment, Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (EUB) and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) are members of PCOR and participate in the research program conducted at the Zama Acid-Gas EOR Project. This report represents a contribution to the research program and presents the regional-scale geology and hydrogeology of the Zama sub-basin that provide the context of site-scale project activities and findings.

From the site: "The USGS maintains a network of wells to monitor the effects of droughts and other climate variability on groundwater levels. The network consists of a national network of about 130 wells monitored as part of the Groundwater Resources Program, supplemented by wells in some States monitored as part of the Cooperative Water Program. The water-level changes in the Climate Response Network should primarily reflect climatic variability and not human influences. The climate variations of interest are those that affect recharge on monthly and longer time scales; not barometric or tidal influences. Observation wells should satisfy the following criteria: -Open to a single, known hydrogeologic unit -Known well construction that allows good water-level measurements -Located in unconfined aquifers or near-surface confined aquifers that respond to climatic fluctuations -Minimally affected by pumpage and likely to remain so -Essentially unaffected by irrigation, canals, and other potential sources of artificial recharge -Long-term accessibility -Well has never gone dry (not susceptible to going dry)"

From the site: "The Real Time Groundwater Level Network contains water levels and well information from wells with "real time" data transmission instrumentation. This network includes all of these wells, regardless of the aquifer monitored or the monitoring objective. Real-time data typically are recorded at 15-60 minute intervals, stored onsite, and then transmitted to USGS offices every 1 to 4 hours, depending on the data relay technique used. Recording and transmission times may be more frequent during critical events. Data from real-time sites are relayed to USGS offices via satellite, telephone, and/or radio and are available for viewing within minutes of arrival. All real-time data are provisional and subject to revision."

USGS GIS data of the United States water resources maps, soil, hydrology, and weather. Contains multiple links to useful and informative websites.

From the site: "The Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) was developed in the mid 70s to put into digital form a number of data layers which were of interest to the USGS. One of these data layers was the Hydrologic Units. The map is based on the Hydrologic Unit Maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water Data Coordination, together with the list descriptions and name of region, subregion, accounting units, and cataloging unit. The hydrologic units are encoded with an eight-digit number that indicates the hydrologic region (first two digits), hydrologic subregion (second two digits), accounting unit (third two digits), and cataloging unit (fourth two digits). The data produced by GIRAS was originally collected at a scale of 1:250K. Some areas, notably major cities in the west, were recompiled at a scale of 1:100K. In order to join the data together and use the data in a geographic information system (GIS) the data were processed in the ARC/INFO GUS software package. Within the GIS, the data were edgematched and the neatline boundaries between maps were removed to create a single data set for the conterminous United States."

From the site: "This dataset and the accompanying Data Series report was created to assist in analysis and interpretation of water-quality data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and the National Monitoring Network (NMN). The report describes the methods used to develop the geospatial data which was primarily derived from the National Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD12). The geospatial data contains polygon shapefiles of basin boundaries for 33 NASQAN and 5 NMN stations. In addition, 30 polygon shapefiles of the closed and noncontributing basins contained within the NASQAN or NMN boundaries where applicable are included. Also included is a point shapefile of the NASQAN and NMN gaging stations and associated basin and station attributes. The basin boundaries included in this dataset are for those sites implemented under the October 2007 design for the 5-years from 2008-2013 (http://water.usgs.gov/nasqan/)."

From the site: "This dataset is a coverage of the physiographic provinces, aquifer outcrops and recharge rates for Tennessee. Each polygon is attributed with its associated physiographic region name (Miller, 1974), aquifer type and composition (Connell and Barron, 1993, p. 2), and aquifer recharge rates (Hoos, 1990 p. 19). The dataset was created to make generalizations about an aquifer's capabilities of transport and recharge and to give names to those regions. The linework was constructed by digitizing a map, prepared by Bradley and Hollyday (1985), at a scale of 1:1,000,000. At the request of State officials, aquifer boundaries in the West Tennessee area were modified to reflect work reported by Parks and others (1982). The coverage was created for the publication by Connell and Barron (1993). The coverage was validated and attributed with physiographic names and aquifer recharge rates in 1997-98."

From the site: "This map layer contains the shallowest principal aquifers of the conterminous United States, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, portrayed as polygons. The map layer was developed as part of the effort to produce the maps published at 1:2,500,000 in the printed series "Ground Water Atlas of the United States". The published maps contain base and cultural features not included in these data. This is a replacement for the July 1998 map layer called Principal Aquifers of the 48 Conterminous United States."

The vast supply of geothermal energy stored throughout the Earth and the exceedingly long time required to dissipate that energy makes the world's geothermal energy supply nearly limitless. As such, this resource holds the potential to provide a large supply of the world's energy demands; however, like all natural resources, it must be utilized in an appropriate manner if it is to be sustainable. Understanding sustainable use of geothermal resources requires thorough characterization efforts aimed at better understanding subsurface properties. The goal of this work is to understand which critical subsurface properties exert the most influence on sustainable geothermal production as a means to provide targeted future resource characterization strategies. Borehole temperature and reservoir pressure data were analyzed to estimate reservoir thermal and hydraulic properties at an active geothermal site. These reservoir properties then served as inputs for an analytical model which simulated net power production over a 30-year period. The analytical model was used to conduct a sensitivity analysis to determine which parameters were most critical in constraining the sustainability of a geothermal reservoir. Modeling results reveal that the number of preferential flow pathways (i.e. fractures) used for heat transport provides the greatest impact on geothermal reservoir sustainability. These results suggest that early and pre-production geothermal reservoir exploration would achieve the greatest benefit from characterization strategies which seek to delineate the number of active flow pathways present in the system.