2015 National Housing Development Survey.

Raw ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) datasets from acoustic interference surveys with a TRDI Workhorse 300, a Nortek Signature500 and two Signature1000 instruments from August 2020. One Signature 1000 ADCP was deployed for 13 days on a bottom lander in Sequim Bay Inlet, WA. Data from the other three instruments were taken from a survey vessel running transects above the deployed lander.

This dataset provides USFS watershed improvement activities to barriers to upstream migration. This includes improving existing passage structures or removing them entirely. Structures include culverts, dams, diversion dams. Also included are where structures have been added to purposely create barriers to protect native populations from invasive species. Data include the planned fiscal year and planned cost, the completed fiscal year, approximate completed cost, and partners involved. Each AOP activity is displayed as a single point.Metadata and Downloads

This dataset displays miles of habitat improved upstream from an Aquatic Organism Passage (AOP) structure that was improved by an on the ground activity. Data includes the completed fiscal year and lists species that benefit from the habitat improvement. The miles of habitat improved are displayed as a line or multi-line. Data are from USFS Natural Resource Manager Watershed Improvement Tracking (WIT) database.Metadata and Downloads

This dataset provides USFS Aquatic Organism Passage (AOP) survey data. It shows stream passage locations, passage measurements, and passability assessment categories from AOP field surveys. Structure included: culverts, dams, diversion dams, fords, and natural features such as waterfalls.Metadata and Downloads

Der Beratungsbericht zum ÖKS15 Factsheet – Land Salzburg bezieht sich auf Ergebnisse zu den OeKS15 Klimawandelszenarien bis 2100. Dieses umfasst 9 Seiten und enthält sehr umfangreiche Informationen zur Entstehung des Factsheets, verwendeter Methodik, Definitionen, sowie detaillierte Werte zur Lufttemperatur und Jahresniederschlägen. Dieses Informationsblatt wird nun aus psychologischer Perspektive betrachtet um die zu Grunde liegenden psychologischen Prozesse und Theorien präsentieren zu können. Ziel ist es ein für Entscheidungsträger (Bürgermeister, Ärztekammer, Forstvorstand) anschauliches, verständliches Informationsblatt zu kreieren und im Besten Falle einen umweltfreundlichen, verhaltensfördernden Anstoß zu geben.

PoroTomo March 2016 Updated vibroseis source locations with UTM locations. Supersedes gdr.openei.org/submissions/824. Updated vibroseis source location data for Stages 1-4, PoroTomo March 2016. This revision includes source point locations in UTM format (meters) for all four Stages of active source acquisition. Vibroseis sweep data were collected on a Signature Recorder unit (mfr Seismic Source) mounted in the vibroseis cab during the March 2016 PoroTomo active seismic survey Stages 1 to 4. Each sweep generated a GPS timed SEG-Y file with 4 input channels and a 20 second record length. Ch1 = pilot sweep, Ch2 = accelerometer output from the vibe's mass, Ch3 = accel output from the baseplase, and Ch4 = weighted sum of the accelerometer outputs. SEG-Y files are available via the links below. These data are available for download without login credentials through the free and publicly accessible Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI) data viewer which allows users to browse and download individual or groups of files.

This submission includes links to raw data, field notes, metadata, and p-wave arrival auto-picks from processed data (not provided) from the nodal seismometer array deployed at the PoroTomo Natural Laboratory in Brady's Hot Springs, Nevada during the March 2016 testing. The data is available as continuous or windowed (to vibroseis sweep) files and is stored in an AWS S3 bucket. Note: No raw data was recovered from stations 73 and 82. These data are available for download without login credentials through the free and publicly accessible Open Energy Data Initiative (OEDI) data viewer which allows users to browse and download individual or groups of files.

"The Central and Eastern United States Seismic Source Characterization for Nuclear Facilities (CEUS-SSC) Project was conducted from April 2008 to December 2011 to provide the nuclear industry a new, regional seismic source model for use in conducting probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHAs) for nuclear facilities. PSHA is used as a method for accounting for uncertainty in seismic design and in calculating seismic risk. Unlike previous seismic hazard studies, the CEUS-SSC Project was sponsored through an industry-government partnership. The study was conducted using the Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee (SSHAC) Study Level 3 assessment process. The SSHAC process ensures consideration of the knowledge and uncertainties of the larger technical community within a robust and transparent framework." The data includes geological information and other aspects relevant to other studies such as the Appalachian Basin Project.

The Washington State Parcels Project provides a statewide data set of tax parcels attributes that cover those counties that currently have digital tax parcels. Attribute data has been normalized so that the field names are the same across all counties. The data set contains the tax parcel identification number, situs addresses, the Department of Revenue land use codes, improvement and land values, and a link to the county's assessor's website for parcel information (if it exists).

The Portland Basin is a prime location to assess the feasibility of DDU-TES because natural geologic conditions provide thermal and hydraulic separation from overlying aquifers that would otherwise sweep away stored heat. Under the Portland Basin, the lower Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) aquifers contain brackish water (1,000-10,000 mg/L TDS), indicating low groundwater flow rates and poor connection with the overlying regional aquifer. Further, CRBG lavas tend to have comparatively low thermal conductivity, indicating that the 400-1,000 ft thick CRBG may be an effective thermal barrier to the overlying aquifer. A temporally and spatially limited previous study of a Portland Basin CRBG aquifer demonstrated that the injection of waste heat resulted in an increase in temperature by more than a factor of two, indicating a high potential for storing heat. This data submission includes ASCII grid surfaces for the Portland and Tualatin Basins including a DEM of modern topography, the top of Columbia River Basalt (CRB), the base of CRB, and basement. It also includes three isochore (thickness) maps between these intervals. In addition, there is an ArcGIS attribute table for associated data points, a map of data types used to constrain the top of CRB, and cross-sections, all made using IHS Kingdom Suite, Petrosys PRO, ESRI ArcGIS, and Adobe Illustrator software.

USDA's National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS) will provide unique and detailed data about household food choices that are not available from any other survey. FoodAPS is a nationally representative survey of household food purchases and acquisitions.

This dataset includes the results of surface and borehole microseismic monitoring, including the velocity models, event catalogs, and reports, for refrac and new test wells.

To prepare for its third phase, the Hawaii Play Fairway project conducted groundwater sampling and analyses in ten locations in the Hawaiian islands, magnetotelluric (MT) and gravity surveys, as well as calculations of 3D subsurface stress due to the weight of the rock underlying the topography of the volcano. The subsurface stresses were used to evaluate the potential for fracture-induced permeability. Inversions of the MT and gravity data produce 3D models of resistivity and density, respectively, on Lanai, across Haleakala's SW rift (Maui), and surrounding Mauna Kea (Hawaii Island). The project developed and applied a new method for incorporating depth information about resistivity, density, and potential for fracture-induced permeability into the statistical method for computing resource probability in these three focus areas. The project then incorporated the new groundwater results with the new geophysical results and the calculations of potential for fracture-induced permeability to produce updated maps of resource probability and confidence. These results were used to identify target sites for exploratory drilling. Spreadsheet information: Each sheet contains data for a particular depth in kilometers. Positive depths are above sea level, and negative below. For more information, go to the Hawaii Groundwater and Geothermal Resources Center website linked in the resources.

This data submission includes several data components that were used to develop a conceptual model and power capacity-estimates of two low-temperature geothermal resources that define geothermal prospect A at Hawthorne, Nevada. Data are sourced from a combination of legacy publicly-available data and more recent data acquisition conducted by the US Navy Geothermal Program Office (2008-2013) and the Great Basin Center for Geothermal Energy at the University of Nevada, Reno (2008-2010). Data sets include compiled fluid geochemistry data, down-hole temperature logs for wells in the vicinity of prospect A, 2 meter temperature survey data, temperature-spinner logs acquired in well HWAAD-2A, fracture picks from image log data acquired in wells HWAAD-2 and HWAAD-3, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses on cuttings from wells HWAAD-2A and HWAAD-3. These data have been reviewed for errors and inconsistencies, but it is possible that few errors could still remain. The resource conceptual model and power capacity estimates are included in the final report to the US Department of Energy, and are presented in a manuscript by Ayling and Hinz. A link to the manuscript published in Geothermics is linked below in this submission.

Household Travel Survey (HTS) is the most comprehensive source of personal travel data for the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area (GMA). This data explores average weekday travel patterns for residents in Sydney GMA. RELEASE NOTE Thank you for your interest in the Household Travel Survey (HTS). The latest release of HTS data is 28 March 2024 . This release includes Region, LGA, SA3 and Six Cities data for 2022/23. This is the first release of SA3 level data from HTS post COVID-19. A revised dataset for HTS 2021/22 data for LGAs and Six Cities has also been included in this release on 28 March 2024. If you have downloaded HTS 2021/22 data by LGA and/or Six Cities from this link prior to 28/03/2024, we advise you replace it with the revised tables. Please refer the HTS landing page ([https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/data-and-research/passenger-travel/surv...](https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/data-and-research/passenger-travel/surveys/household-travel-survey-hts)) and 2022/23 Data Document for details. Further revisions may be undertaken on the HTS post-COVID data (since 2020) as we review other datasets to calibrate the travel behaviour post-COVID. Please check this page for release dates to ensure you are using the most current version or create a subscription ([https://opendata.transport.nsw.gov.au/subscriptions](https://opendata.transport.nsw.gov.au/subscriptions)) to be notified of revisions and future releases.

The dataset consist of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) velocity measurements in the wake of a 3-meter diameter vertical-axis hydrokinetic turbine deployed in Roza Canal, Yakima, WA, USA. A normalized hub-centerline wake velocity profile and two cross-section velocity contours, 10 meters and 20 meters downstream of the turbine, are presented. Mean velocities and turbulence data, measured using acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) at 50 meters upstream of the turbine, are also presented. Canal dimensions and hydraulic properties, and turbine-related information are also included.

Map, image, and data files, and a summary report of a high-resolution aeromagnetic survey of southern Maui, Hawai'i completed by EDCON-PRJ, Inc. for Ormat Nevada Inc using an helicopter and a towed sensor array.

The National Archive of Marine Seismic Surveys (NAMSS) is a marine seismic reflection data archive consisting of data acquired by or contributed to U.S. Department of the Interior agencies. The USGS is committed to preserving these data on behalf of the academic community and the nation. Data are provided with free and open access. --NAMSS Team

National Housing Development Survey 2011, unfinished housing

National Housing Development Survey 2012 of Unfinished Housing

National Housing Development Survey 2012 by county of unfinished housing

National Housing Development Survey 2013 Unfinished Housing Survey

National Housing Development Survey 2013 by county Unfinished Housing

National Housing Development Survey 2014 Unfinished Housing

National Housing Development Survey 2014 by county Unfinished Housing

This project focused on defining geothermal play fairways and development of a detailed geothermal potential map of a large transect across the Great Basin region (96,000 km2), with the primary objective of facilitating discovery of commercial-grade, blind geothermal fields (i.e. systems with no surface hot springs or fumaroles) and thereby accelerating geothermal development in this promising region. Data included in this submission consists of: structural settings (target areas, recency of faulting, slip and dilation potential, slip rates, quality), regional-scale strain rates, earthquake density and magnitude, gravity data, temperature at 3 km depth, permeability models, favorability models, degree of exploration and exploration opportunities, data from springs and wells, transmission lines and wilderness areas, and published maps and theses for the Nevada Play Fairway area.

The data shows Ordnance Survey pond locations, where they match with the surveyed location of a priority habitat pond. The location and attributes of these priority habitat ponds does not currently exists for end users, ecologists, community groups and other stakeholders. The layer will be used to identify, conserve and enhance these features.OS Ponds (taken from the MasterMap Topography layer hydrology>static water) that have a matching pond survey (Clean Water for Wildlife of Priority Ponds) (see data within this folder for these layers) within their geometry, or within 30m of their edge. proximity was created (using NEAR tool) for points and then simplified (to remove 1 to many relationship) and joined to OS polygons using FID unique value. Unnecessary OS fields have been deleted.Full metadata can be viewed on data.gov.uk.

The data shows Ordnance Survey pond locations, where they match with the surveyed location of a priority habitat pond. The location and attributes of these priority habitat ponds does not currently exists for end users, ecologists, community groups and other stakeholders. The layer will be used to identify, conserve and enhance these features.OS Ponds (taken from the MasterMap Topography layer hydrology>static water) that have a matching pond survey (Clean Water for Wildlife of Priority Ponds) (see data within this folder for these layers) within their geometry, or within 30m of their edge. proximity was created (using NEAR tool) for points and then simplified (to remove 1 to many relationship) and joined to OS polygons using FID unique value. Unnecessary OS fields have been deleted.Full metadata can be viewed on data.gov.uk.

Note: Updates to this data product are discontinued. Get select results from the 2004 and 2007 Nationwide Surveys of Organic Manufacturers, Processors, and Distributors. Data are available on 9 commodity groups, such as fruit and nuts, and 45 commodities, such as berries and citrus. The vast majority of organic commodities pass through the hands of at least one middleman, also called a handler, on the way from the farmer to the consumer. Certified organic handlers are certified to handle organic products in accordance with National Organic Standards. Organic handlers perform numerous functions, including packing and shipping, manufacturing and processing, and brokering, wholesaling, or distributing.

The Washington State Parcels Project provides a statewide data set of tax parcels attributes that cover those counties that currently have digital tax parcels. Attribute data has been normalized so that the field names are the same across all counties. The data set contains the tax parcel identification number, situs addresses, the Department of Revenue land use codes, improvement and land values, and a link to the county's assessor's website for parcel information (if it exists).

Vertical Seismic Profile data collected in 2009 and 2010 as part of SECARB Phase III Early Test at Cranfield oilfield in Mississippi to determine CO2 induced change from seismic response. Data divided into 3D VSP and Offset VSP folders. Associated Publications: Daley, T. M., Hendrickson, J., & Queen, J. H. (2014). Monitoring CO2 Storage at Cranfield, Mississippi with Time-Lapse Offset VSP – Using Integration and Modeling to Reduce Uncertainty. Energy Procedia, 63, 4240-4248. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.459

Borehole logs from the SECARB project at the Cranfield oil site in Franklin, Mississippi . Well logs are a part of the geologic characterization phase of SECARB; CFU 31F-1, CFU 31F-2, CFU 31F-3 well logs from Detailed Area of Study (DAS) and other well logs. Associated Publications: Butsch, R., Brown, A. L., Bryans, B., Kolb, C., Hovorka, S. D., 2013, Integration of well-based subsurface monitoring technologies: lessons learned at SECARB study, Cranfield, MS: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.06.010.

Daily drilling reports and surveys, deviation data, and gyroscopic surveys from wells CFU31F1, CFU31F2, and CFU31F3 collected from Cranfield oil field in Mississippi as part of SECARB project.

In December 2016, 1301 vertical-component seismic instruments were deployed at the San Emidio Geothermal field in Nevada. The first record starts at 2016-12-05T02:00:00.000000Z (UTC) and the last record ends at 2016-12-11T14:00:59.998000Z (UTC). Data are stored in individual files in one-minute increments in SEGD and MSEED formats. See the metadata in GDR submission (linked below as "Seismic Survey 2016 Metadata at San Emidio Nevada") for details about the seismic station locations, seismic data logger specifications, instrumentation specifications, descriptions of data, a fracture finding summary, and the final report for the 2016 seismic survey done in San Emidio, Nevada.

1301 Vertical Component seismic instruments were deployed at San Emidio Geothermal field in Nevada in December 2016. The first record starts at 2016-12-05T02:00:00.000000Z (UTC) and the last record ends at 2016-12-11T14:00:59.998000Z (UTC). Data are stored in individual files in one-minute increments. Data includes seismic station locations, seismic data logger specifications, instrumentation specifications, descriptions of data, a fracture finding summary and the final report for the 2016 WHOLESCALE seismic survey done in San Emidio, Nevada.

This archive contains seismic shot field records for 10 profiles located in Camas Prairie, Idaho. The eight numbered .sgy files were acquired using a seismic land streamer system with an accelerated weight drop source and 72 geophones. These 10-Hz geophones were mounted on base plates and dragged behind the seismic source. Shots were acquired every 4 meters along the length of lines 500West, 550 West, 600West, 700West, 800West, 900West, 200South and 200North. The objective was to map stratigraphy and structures related to geothermal fluid flow in the upper few hundred meters. A readme file is included with descriptions of individual files. The lines names refer to to roads which are numbered relative to the distance from the county seat (the town of Fairfield) along the the main highways. For example, 500 West implies that this north-south street crosses the main road 5 miles to the west of town. The included geologic, topographic, and aerial maps show the labeled seismic lines, while the regional map shows only the line geometry and regional faulting.

This package contains the software code for online weight elicitation (Version : 0.9.4) and its admin interface (version 1.0.1). In Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, weights are scaling constants representing the relative importance of the criteria. In this version, weight elicitation can be done with the swing method only, or with the swing method followed by the trade-off method and consistency check (with "learning loop"). The software can be used to send an online survey to many remote participants, or as an interactive tool during a facilitated workshop.

Survey tool that allows the administrator to email a survey to a specific individual or to multiple people. It is used for feds and contractors.

The data shows surveyed location and recorded characteristics of priority habitat ponds. The location and attributes of these priority habitat ponds does not currently exists for end users, ecologists, community groups and other stakeholders. The layer will be used to identify, conserve and enhance these features.Survey data provided by Freshwater Habitats Trust, duplicate and low GR data removed. Nearest town/village added using OS OpenPlaces. County added using NUTS2. Proximity and unique ref for OS pond calculated from OS MasterMap Topographic features, hydrology, static water.Full metadata can be viewed on data.gov.uk.

The data shows surveyed location and recorded characteristics of priority habitat ponds. The location and attributes of these priority habitat ponds does not currently exists for end users, ecologists, community groups and other stakeholders. The layer will be used to identify, conserve and enhance these features.Survey data provided by Freshwater Habitats Trust, duplicate and low GR data removed. Nearest town/village added using OS OpenPlaces. County added using NUTS2. Proximity and unique ref for OS pond calculated from OS MasterMap Topographic features, hydrology, static water.Full metadata can be viewed on data.gov.uk.

During the summer field season in 2012, Benthic GeoScience Inc. (Benthic) mobilized under contract with Ocean Renewable Power Company (ORPC) in order to conduct precise geospatial measurements of the seafloor accomplishing a preliminary Site Characterization Study for the ORPC East Forelands Tidal Energy Power Project. This study included a high-density bathymetric survey, acoustic reflective intensity imagery, and an assessment of the physical character of the ORPC East Forelands Tidal Energy Power Project environment. The Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) survey included a large area surrounding the East Forelands of Cook Inlet in the vicinity of Nikiski, Alaska. Included in this submission are the report for the East Forelands Site Characterization Study and the accompanying data from the survey as described below. The digital deliverables from this effort include: - Comprehensive Site Characterization Report (Format: PDF, Ver. 1.1, March 2013) - Comprehensive 3D Fledermaus Presentation (Format: SCENE, Ver. 1.1, March 2013) - Bathymetric Surface (Format: ASCVer. 1, March 2013) - Slope Gradient Surface (Format: ASCVer. 1, March 2013) - Comprehensive Acoustic Intensity Image (Format: TIF/TWFVer. 1, March 2013) - Geologic Seafloor Interpretation Surface (Format: ASCVer. 1.0, March 2013) - Comprehensive Google Earth Presentation (Format: KMZVer. 1.1, March 2013)

This is a zipped file containing raw magnetotelluric (MT) data collected as part of the Phase 2 Tularosa Basin geothermal play fairway analysis project in New Mexico. The data for each MT station are in standard .edi text files which are accompanied by graphic files illustrating details. These data cover part of McGregor Range, Fort Bliss, New Mexico. The MT survey was done by Quantec Geoscience.

This submission presents results and observations from a series of surveys of US municipal desalination plants conducted during the last 20 years. The surveys were conducted to determine the number, characteristics, and concentrate disposal practices of US desalination plants. Each survey was intended to identify and contact each US plant that produces 25,000 gpd or more. This cutoff eliminated smaller plants that serve truck stops, mobile home parks, hospitals, campgrounds, etc. Succeeding surveys did not undertake to recontact all previously contacted plants but focused primarily on plants built since the initial survey.

Minister for Housing and Urban Development Damien English TD, today (7 March, 2018) published the sixth annual progress report and seventh housing survey on tackling the issue of unfinished housing developments. This reveals a “91% reduction in the unfinished developments since 2010 from almost 3,000 to 256. 2017 saw the resolution of 165 developments”. Minister English was speaking at the launch of the report that includes the results from the 2017 National Housing Development Survey which tracks progress on unfinished housing developments since 2010. Among the key findings of this year’s survey are: 91% decrease in the number of unfinished developments over the last 7 years; 165 developments resolved in 2017; 256 unfinished developments remaining; 74% of local authority areas now contain less than 10 occupied?] unfinished developments; and Four local authority areas have no occupied unfinished developments.

This is a PDF file generated by Woolsey Land Surveying, P.C containing the surveyed locations, as located, in Latitude and Longitude degrees, of the Utah FORGE FSB4, FSB5, & FSB6 shallow seismic well locations.

These resources describe the 3D geophysical inversion modeling of gravity data at the FORGE site near Milford, Utah. FORGE is the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy and the site in Utah has been selected by the U.S. Dept. of Energy for a 5-year R&D program to test technologies for the development of Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS). 3D modelling of gravity data at the FORGE site is to help characterize the subsurface geologic framework. Specifically, modelling of gravity data in 3D, used in conjunction with rock density measurements and other subsurface geologic information can provide an independent test of an existing 3D geologic model (e.g. Witter et al., 2018). Such an exercise can be useful for reducing uncertainty in 3D geologic models (Witter et al, 2019).

This submission includes a gravity data in text format and as a GIS point shapefile and transient electromagnetic (TEM) raw data. Each text file additionally contains location data (UTM Zone 12, NAD83) and elevation (meters) data for that station. The gravity data shapefile was in part downloaded from PACES, University of Texas at El Paso, http://gis.utep.edu/subpages/GMData.html, and in part collected by the Utah Geological Survey (UGS) as part of the DOE GTO supported Utah FORGE geothermal energy project near Milford, Utah. The PACES data were examined and scrubbed to eliminate any questionable data. A 2.67 g/cm^3 reduction density was used for the Bouguer correction. The attribute table column headers for the gravity data shapefile are explained below. There is also metadata attached to the GIS shapefile. name: the individual gravity station name. HAE: height above ellipsoid [meter] NGVD29: vertical datum for geoid [meter] obs: observed gravity ERRG: gravity measurement error [mGal] IZTC: inner zone terrain correction [mGal] OZTC: outer zone terrain correction [mGal] Gfa: free air gravity gSBGA: Bouguer horizontal slab sCBGA: Complete Bouguer anomaly

This dataset includes survey data, drilling data, daily reports, summaries of daily operations, and rig photos from the drilling of Utah FORGE well 16A(78)-32, which is a highly deviated deep well. It was completed 60 days ahead of schedule. Rig move in began 10/22/2020 and drilling commenced on 10/30/2020, and total depth was reached on 12/18/2020. Drilling was followed by a diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT), logging, and circulating casing. The rig was released on 1/12/2021. The upper part of the well was drilled vertically through approximately 4,700 feet of sediments before penetrating into high strength, crystalline granite. The well was deviated at a 65 degree angle from vertical after reaching a depth of 6,000 ft. This angle was maintained for the remainder of the well's trajectory. The well ultimately reached a true vertical depth of 8,559 feet, and a total measured depth of 10,987 feet. Preliminary measurements indicate temperatures at the "toe" of the well will exceed 442 degrees F (228 degrees C). Approximately 74 ft of core of the granitic and metamorphic rocks that will form the FORGE reservoir was also recovered.

This is the 3D version of the MT data for the West Flank Coso FORGE area. The Coso geothermal field has had three Magnetotelluric (MT) datasets collected including surveys in 2003, 2006, and 2011. The final collection, in 2011, expanded the survey to the west and covers the West Flank of FORGE area.This most recent data set was collected by Schlumberger/WesternGeco and inverted by the WesternGeco GeoSolutions Integrated EM Center of Excellence in Milan, Italy; the 2003 and 2006 data were integrated for these inversions in the present study.