An investigation of antigenic relationships between North American swine H3N2 influenza A viruses (IAV) and human seasonal vaccine strains was conducted to assess the zoonotic risk to humans. Human seasonal H3N2 vaccine strains isolated from 1973 to 2014 (n=20) were obtained from the World Health Organization Global Influenza Surveillance and Response Network through St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital to use for serological assays, such as hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Human seasonal vaccine strains were cultured on MDCK cells or eggs and the HA gene was verified by sequencing on a Sanger method at National Animal Disease Center (NADC). A consensus HA sequence was generated using Geneious Software.

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  Consensus sequences of hemagglutinin (HA) gene segments
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