Data sets on the percentage of virus transferred between fingers and water or saliva. Transfer with saliva is for both wet hands (where the virus inoculum was not allowed to appreciably dry before transfer) and for dry hands (where the virus inoculum was allowed to dry before transfer).

Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is a comprehensive form of analysis that utilizes the principles of Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Cost Analysis, and various other methods to evaluate the environmental, economic, and social attributes of energy systems ranging from the extraction of raw materials from the ground to the use of the energy carrier to perform work (commonly referred to as the “life cycle” of a product). Results are used to inform research at NETL and evaluate energy options from a National perspective.

Five petroleum >1000{degrees}F resids were separated into compound type fractions using liquid chromatography. The coking tendency of each compound type was assessed using the microcarbon residue (MCR) test (ASTM D 4530). Heteroatom (N, S, Ni, V) partitioning between MCR solids versus volatiles was determined through analysis of the starting fractions and the corresponding MCR solids. The weighted sum of MCR solid yields over all compound types in a given resid was typically in good agreement with the MCR yield of the whole resid. This finding agrees with prior studies indicating coke yield to be an additive property. Sulfur partitioning was also an additive property, was predictable from MCR yield, and was nearly independent of the initial form (sulfide, thiophenic, sulfoxide) present. Nitrogen and nickel partitioning were nonadditive and therefore composition dependent. Partitioning of vanadium into solids was essentially quantitative for all resids and their fractions. MCR solid yield was generally dependent only on H/C ratio. However, there is some evidence indicating secondary dependence on hydrocarbon structure; i.e., that naphthenic rings reduce MCR in proportion to H/C by virtue of their effective hydrogen transfer properties. Deposition of N and Ni into MCR solids over the fractions was often appreciably less than that of the whole resids, thereby indicating that interaction among various compound types was required for maximum incorporation of those elements into coke.

NUFT-C (Nonisothermal, Unsaturated Flow and Transport with Chemistry) is a continuum-scale simulator developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. NUFT-C is used to simulate coupled fluid movement (multiple liquids and gas) and chemical reactions in saturated or unsaturated porous media.