Annual number of icing days (days where maximum temperature is below 0C) averaged over 1991-2020, provided on a 2km BNG grid.This data contains a field for the average over the period, named 'Icing Days'.Data source:HadUK-Grid v1.1.0.0 (downloaded 11/03/2022)More about HadUK-Grid - https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/data/haduk-grid/haduk-grid This dataset forms part of the Met Office’s Climate Data Portal service. This service is currently in Beta. We would like your help to further develop our service, please send us feedback via the site - https://climate-themetoffice.hub.arcgis.com/

Annual number of summer days (days where maximum temperature exceeds 25C) averaged over 1991-2020, provided on a 2km BNG grid.This data contains a field for the average over the period, named 'Summer Days'.Data source:HadUK-Grid v1.1.0.0 (downloaded 11/03/2022)More about HadUK-Grid - https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/data/haduk-grid/haduk-grid This dataset forms part of the Met Office’s Climate Data Portal service. This service is currently in Beta. We would like your help to further develop our service, please send us feedback via the site - https://climate-themetoffice.hub.arcgis.com/

What does the data show?  Annual averages of daily maximum surface temperature (°C) for the 1991-2020 period from HadUK gridded data (v1.1.0.0), provided on a 12km British National Grid (BNG).     Limitations of the data  We recommend the use of multiple grid cells or an average of grid cells around a point of interest to help users get a sense of the variability in the area. This will provide a more robust set of values for informing decisions based on the data.    What are the naming conventions and how do I explore the data?    This data contains a field for the average over the 1991-2020 period. It is named 'tmax' (temperature maximum).    To understand how to explore the data, see this page: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/457e7a2bc73e40b089fac0e47c63a578  Data source:   ·       Version: HadUK-Grid v1.1.0.0 (downloaded 26/08/2022)  ·       Source: https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/652cea3b8b4446f7bff73be0ce99ba0f  ·       Filename: tasmax_hadukgrid_uk_12km_ann-30y_199101-202012.nc      Useful links  ·       Further information on HadUK-Grid  ·       Further information on understanding climate data within the Met Office Climate Data Portal

Annual averages of daily maximum surface temperature (C) for 1991-2020 from HadUK 12km gridded data.This data contains a field for the average over the period. It is named 'tmax' (temperature maximum).HadUK-Grid: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/data/haduk-grid/haduk-grid Recommendations for use of this data:We don't recommend using this data at the resolution of a single cell.The higher resolution of this data improves representation of topography, coasts, etc. but at the same time increases some of the uncertainty for individual grid cells. And so it is recommended to work with multiple grid cells, or an average of grid cells around a point to improve certainty.Data source: https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/652cea3b8b4446f7bff73be0ce99ba0ftasmax_hadukgrid_uk_12km_ann-30y_199101-202012.ncHadUK-Grid_v1.1.0.0 (downloaded 26/08/2022)This dataset forms part of the Met Office’s Climate Data Portal service. This service is currently in Beta. We would like your help to further develop our service, please send us feedback via the site - https://climate-themetoffice.hub.arcgis.com/

What does the data show? This data shows the monthly averages of maximum surface temperature (°C) for 1981-2010 from CRU TS (v. 4.06) dataset. It is provided on the WGS84 grid which measures approximately 60km x 60km (latitude x longitude) at the equator. This is the same as the 60km grid used by UKCP18 global datasets.   What are the naming conventions and how do I explore the data? This data contains a field for each month’s average over the period. They are named 'tmax' (temperature minimum) and the month. E.g. ‘tmax March’ is the average of the daily maximum temperatures in March throughout 1981-2010.   To understand how to explore the data, see this page: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/457e7a2bc73e40b089fac0e47c63a578   Please note, if viewing in ArcGIS Map Viewer, the map will default to ‘tmax January’ values.   Data source CRU TS v. 4.06 - (downloaded 12/07/22)   Useful links Further information on CRU TS Further information on understanding climate data within the Met Office Climate Data Portal  

Monthly averages of global maximum surface temperatures (C) for 1981-2010 from CRU TS data, provided on an approximately 60km grid.This data contains a field for each month’s average over the period. They are named 'tmax' (temperature maximum) and the month. E.g. 'tmax April' is the mean of daily-maximum temperatures in April throughout 1981-2010.Data defaults to displaying January averages. Each monthly average is a field in the data. Use 'show table' to view all values, and 'change style' to change which month is displayed in the map.The grid is a lat-long grid, with cells close to the equator measuring approximately 60kmx60km. This is the same as the 60km grid used by UKCP18.Data source: CRU TS v. 4.06 - (downloaded 12/07/22)More about CRU TS - https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/This dataset forms part of the Met Office’s Climate Data Portal service. This service is currently in Beta. We would like your help to further develop our service, please send us feedback via the site - https://climate-themetoffice.hub.arcgis.com/

What does the data show? This data shows the monthly averages of maximum surface temperature (°C) for 2040-2069 using a combination of the CRU TS (v. 4.06) and UKCP18 global RCP2.6 datasets. The RCP2.6 scenario is an aggressive mitigation scenario where greenhouse gas emissions are strongly reduced.   The data combines a baseline (1981-2010) value from CRU TS (v. 4.06) with an anomaly from UKCP18 global. Where the anomaly is the change in temperature at 2040-2069 relative to 1981-2010.   The data is provided on the WGS84 grid which measures approximately 60km x 60km (latitude x longitude) at the equator.   Limitations of the data We recommend the use of multiple grid cells or an average of grid cells around a point of interest to help users get a sense of the variability in the area. This will provide a more robust set of values for informing decisions based on the data.   What are the naming conventions and how do I explore the data? This data contains a field for each month’s average over the period. They are named 'tmax' (temperature maximum), the month and ‘upper’ ‘median’ or ‘lower’. E.g. ‘tmax Mar Lower’ is the average of the daily minimum temperatures in March throughout 2040-2069, in the second lowest ensemble member.   To understand how to explore the data, see this page: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/457e7a2bc73e40b089fac0e47c63a578   Please note, if viewing in ArcGIS Map Viewer, the map will default to ‘tmax Jan Median’ values.   What do the ‘median’, ‘upper’, and ‘lower’ values mean? Climate models are numerical representations of the climate system. To capture uncertainty in projections for the future, an ensemble, or group, of climate models are run. Each ensemble member has slightly different starting conditions or model set-ups. Considering all of the model outcomes gives users a range of plausible conditions which could occur in the future.   To select which ensemble members to use, the monthly averages of maximum surface temperature for the period 2040-2069 were calculated for each ensemble member and they were then ranked in order from lowest to highest for each location. The ‘lower’ fields are the second lowest ranked ensemble member. The ‘upper’ fields are the second highest ranked ensemble member. The ‘median’ field is the central value of the ensemble. This gives a median value, and a spread of the ensemble members indicating the range of possible outcomes in the projections. This spread of outputs can be used to infer the uncertainty in the projections. The larger the difference between the lower and upper fields, the greater the uncertainty.   Data source CRU TS v. 4.06 - (downloaded 12/07/22) UKCP18 v.20200110 (downloaded 17/08/22)   Useful links Further information on CRU TS Further information on the UK Climate Projections (UKCP) Further information on understanding climate data within the Met Office Climate Data Portal  

Monthly averages of global maximum surface temperatures (°C) for 2040-2069 from CRU TS and UKCP18 RCP2.6, provided on an approximately 60km grid.This data contains a field for each month’s average over the period. They are named 'tmax' (temperature maximum), the month, and 'upper' 'median' or 'lower' as per the description below. E.g. 'tmax March Median' is the mean of daily-maximum temperatures in March throughout 2040-2069, in the median ensemble member.Data defaults to displaying January averages. Each monthly average is a field in the data. Use 'show table' to view all values, and 'change style' to change which month is displayed in the map.The grid is a lat-long grid, with cells close to the equator measuring approximately 60kmx60km.More about CRU TS - https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/More about UKCP - https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/collaboration/ukcp/indexWhat is the data?The data combines a baseline 1981-2010 value from CRU TS with an anomaly (the temperature change in °C relative to 1981-2010) from UKCP18.The anomaly data is from the UKCP18 regional projections using the RCP2.6 scenario. RCP2.6 is a low emissions scenario, representing a mitigation scenario aiming to limit the increase of global mean temperature to around 2°C above preindustrial levels .What do the 'median', 'upper', and 'lower' values mean?This scenario is run as 12 separate ensemble members. To select which ensemble members to use, a single value for the mean global precipitation for the period 2040-2069 was taken from each ensemble member. They were then ranked in order from lowest precipitation to highest. The 'lower' fields are this data is the second lowest ranked ensemble member. The 'higher' fields are the second highest ranked ensemble member. The 'median' fields are the central (7th) ranked ensemble member.This gives a median value, and a spread of the ensemble members indicating the level of uncertainty in the projections.Recommendations for use of this data:1. We don't recommend using this data at the resolution of a single cell.The higher resolution of this data improves representation of topography, coasts, etc. but at the same time increases some of the uncertainty for individual grid cells. And so it is recommended to work with multiple grid cells, or an average of grid cells around a point to improve certainty.2. Consider whether the lower, median, or upper projections, or a combination, are most suitable for your use case.As described above, the spread of the ensemble members shown by the lower, median, and upper values indicates the level of uncertainty in the projections.Data source: CRU TS v. 4.06 - (downloaded 12/07/22)UKCP18 v.20200110 (downloaded 17/08/22)This dataset forms part of the Met Office’s Climate Data Portal service. This service is currently in Beta. We would like your help to further develop our service, please send us feedback via the site - https://climate-themetoffice.hub.arcgis.com/

What does the data show? This data shows the monthly averages of maximum surface temperature (°C) for 2070-2099 using a combination of the CRU TS (v. 4.06) and UKCP18 global RCP2.6 datasets. The RCP2.6 scenario is an aggressive mitigation scenario where greenhouse gas emissions are strongly reduced.   The data combines a baseline (1981-2010) value from CRU TS (v. 4.06) with an anomaly from UKCP18 global. Where the anomaly is the change in temperature at 2070-2099 relative to 1981-2010.   The data is provided on the WGS84 grid which measures approximately 60km x 60km (latitude x longitude) at the equator.   Limitations of the data We recommend the use of multiple grid cells or an average of grid cells around a point of interest to help users get a sense of the variability in the area. This will provide a more robust set of values for informing decisions based on the data.   What are the naming conventions and how do I explore the data? This data contains a field for each month’s average over the period. They are named 'tmax' (temperature maximum), the month and ‘upper’ ‘median’ or ‘lower’. E.g. ‘tmax Mar Lower’ is the average of the daily minimum temperatures in March throughout 2070-2099, in the second lowest ensemble member.   To understand how to explore the data, see this page: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/457e7a2bc73e40b089fac0e47c63a578   Please note, if viewing in ArcGIS Map Viewer, the map will default to ‘tmax Jan Median’ values.   What do the ‘median’, ‘upper’, and ‘lower’ values mean? Climate models are numerical representations of the climate system. To capture uncertainty in projections for the future, an ensemble, or group, of climate models are run. Each ensemble member has slightly different starting conditions or model set-ups. Considering all of the model outcomes gives users a range of plausible conditions which could occur in the future.   To select which ensemble members to use, the monthly averages of maximum surface temperature for the period 2070-2099 were calculated for each ensemble member and they were then ranked in order from lowest to highest for each location. The ‘lower’ fields are the second lowest ranked ensemble member. The ‘upper’ fields are the second highest ranked ensemble member. The ‘median’ field is the central value of the ensemble. This gives a median value, and a spread of the ensemble members indicating the range of possible outcomes in the projections. This spread of outputs can be used to infer the uncertainty in the projections. The larger the difference between the lower and upper fields, the greater the uncertainty.   Data source CRU TS v. 4.06 - (downloaded 12/07/22) UKCP18 v.20200110 (downloaded 17/08/22)   Useful links Further information on CRU TS Further information on the UK Climate Projections (UKCP) Further information on understanding climate data within the Met Office Climate Data Portal  

Monthly averages of global maximum surface temperatures (°C) for 2070-2099 from CRU TS and UKCP18 RCP2.6, provided on an approximately 60km grid.This data contains a field for each month’s average over the period. They are named 'tmax' (temperature maximum), the month, and 'upper' 'median' or 'lower' as per the description below. E.g. 'tmax March Median' is the mean of daily-maximum temperatures in March throughout 2070-2099, in the median ensemble member.Data defaults to displaying January averages. Each monthly average is a field in the data. Use 'show table' to view all values, and 'change style' to change which month is displayed in the map.The grid is a lat-long grid, with cells close to the equator measuring approximately 60kmx60km.More about CRU TS - https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/More about UKCP - https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/collaboration/ukcp/indexWhat is the data?The data combines a baseline 1981-2010 value from CRU TS with an anomaly (the temperature change in °C relative to 1981-2010) from UKCP18.The anomaly data is from the UKCP18 regional projections using the RCP2.6 scenario. RCP2.6 is a low emissions scenario, representing a mitigation scenario aiming to limit the increase of global mean temperature to around 2°C above preindustrial levels .What do the 'median', 'upper', and 'lower' values mean?This scenario is run as 12 separate ensemble members. To select which ensemble members to use, a single value for the mean global precipitation for the period 2070-2099 was taken from each ensemble member. They were then ranked in order from lowest precipitation to highest. The 'lower' fields are this data is the second lowest ranked ensemble member. The 'higher' fields are the second highest ranked ensemble member. The 'median' fields are the central (7th) ranked ensemble member.This gives a median value, and a spread of the ensemble members indicating the level of uncertainty in the projections.Recommendations for use of this data:1. We don't recommend using this data at the resolution of a single cell.The higher resolution of this data improves representation of topography, coasts, etc. but at the same time increases some of the uncertainty for individual grid cells. And so it is recommended to work with multiple grid cells, or an average of grid cells around a point to improve certainty.2. Consider whether the lower, median, or upper projections, or a combination, are most suitable for your use case.As described above, the spread of the ensemble members shown by the lower, median, and upper values indicates the level of uncertainty in the projections.Data source: CRU TS v. 4.06 - (downloaded 12/07/22)UKCP18 v.20200110 (downloaded 17/08/22)This dataset forms part of the Met Office’s Climate Data Portal service. This service is currently in Beta. We would like your help to further develop our service, please send us feedback via the site - https://climate-themetoffice.hub.arcgis.com/

What does the data show?  The data shows monthly averages of daily maximum surface temperature (°C) for 1991-2020 from HadUK gridded data. It is provided on a 12km British National Grid (BNG).    Limitations of the data We recommend the use of multiple grid cells or an average of grid cells around a point of interest to help users get a sense of the variability in the area. This will provide a more robust set of values for informing decisions based on the data.What are the naming conventions and how do I explore the data?  This data contains a field for each month’s average over the period. They are named 'tmax' (temperature maximum) and the month. E.g. 'tmax March' is the maximum surface temperature for March in the period 1991-2020.    To understand how to explore the data, see this page: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/457e7a2bc73e40b089fac0e47c63a578    Please note, if viewing in ArcGIS Map Viewer, the map will default to ‘tmax January’ values.    Data source:   ·       Version: HadUK-Grid v1.1.0.0 (downloaded 26/08/2022)  ·       Source: https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/652cea3b8b4446f7bff73be0ce99ba0f  ·       Filename: tasmax_hadukgrid_uk_12km_mon-30y_199101-202012.nc      Useful links  ·       Further information on HadUK-Grid  ·       Further information on understanding climate data within the Met Office Climate Data Portal

Monthly averages of daily maximum surface temperature (C) for 1991-2020 from HadUK 12km gridded data.This data contains a field for each month’s average over the period. They are named 'tmax' (temperature at surface) and the month. E.g. 'tmax March'.Data defaults to displaying January averages. Each monthly average is a field in the data. Use 'show table' to view all values, and 'change style' to change which month is displayed in the map.HadUK-Grid: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/data/haduk-grid/haduk-gridRecommendations for use of this data:We don't recommend using this data at the resolution of a single cell.The higher resolution of this data improves representation of topography, coasts, etc. but at the same time increases some of the uncertainty for individual grid cells. And so it is recommended to work with multiple grid cells, or an average of grid cells around a point to improve certainty.Data source: https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/652cea3b8b4446f7bff73be0ce99ba0ftasmax_hadukgrid_uk_12km_mon-30y_199101-202012.ncHadUK-Grid_v1.1.0.0 (downloaded 26/08/2022)This dataset forms part of the Met Office’s Climate Data Portal service. This service is currently in Beta. We would like your help to further develop our service, please send us feedback via the site - https://climate-themetoffice.hub.arcgis.com/

What does the data show? This dataset shows the change in summer maximum air temperature for a range of global warming levels, including the recent past (2001-2020), compared to the 1981-2000 baseline period. Here, summer is defined as June-July-August. The dataset uses projections of daily maximum air temperature from UKCP18. For each year, the highest daily maximum temperature from the summer period is found. These are then averaged to give values for the 1981-2000 baseline, recent past (2001-2020) and global warming levels. The warming levels available are 1.5°C, 2.0°C, 2.5°C, 3.0°C and 4.0°C above the pre-industrial (1850-1900) period. The recent past value and global warming level values are stated as a change (in °C) relative to the 1981-2000 value. This enables users to compare summer maximum temperature trends for the different periods. In addition to the change values, values for the 1981-2000 baseline (corresponding to 0.51°C warming) and recent past (2001-2020, corresponding to 0.87°C warming) are also provided. This is summarised in the table below.PeriodDescription1981-2000 baselineAverage temperature (°C) for the period2001-2020 (recent past)Average temperature (°C) for the period2001-2020 (recent past) changeTemperature change (°C) relative to 1981-20001.5°C global warming level changeTemperature change (°C) relative to 1981-20002°C global warming level changeTemperature change (°C) relative to 1981-20002.5°C global warming level changeTemperature change (°C) relative to 1981-20003°C global warming level changeTemperature change (°C) relative to 1981-20004°C global warming level changeTemperature change (°C) relative to 1981-2000What is a global warming level?The Summer Maximum Temperature Change is calculated from the UKCP18 regional climate projections using the high emissions scenario (RCP 8.5) where greenhouse gas emissions continue to grow. Instead of considering future climate change during specific time periods (e.g. decades) for this scenario, the dataset is calculated at various levels of global warming relative to the pre-industrial (1850-1900) period. The world has already warmed by around 1.1°C (between 1850–1900 and 2011–2020), whilst this dataset allows for the exploration of greater levels of warming.  The global warming levels available in this dataset are 1.5°C, 2°C, 2.5°C, 3°C and 4°C. The data at each warming level was calculated using a 21 year period. These 21 year periods are calculated by taking 10 years either side of the first year at which the global warming level is reached. This time will be different for different model ensemble members. To calculate the value for the Summer Maximum Temperature Change an average is taken across the 21 year period.We cannot provide a precise likelihood for particular emission scenarios being followed in the real world future. However, we do note that RCP8.5 corresponds to emissions considerably above those expected with current international policy agreements. The results are also expressed for several global warming levels because we do not yet know which level will be reached in the real climate as it will depend on future greenhouse emission choices and the sensitivity of the climate system, which is uncertain. Estimates based on the assumption of current international agreements on greenhouse gas emissions suggest a median warming level in the region of 2.4-2.8°C, but it could either be higher or lower than this level.What are the naming conventions and how do I explore the data?These data contain a field for each warming level and the 1981-2000 baseline. They are named 'tasmax summer change' (change in air 'temperature at surface'), the warming level or baseline, and 'upper' 'median' or 'lower' as per the description below. e.g. 'tasmax summer change 2.0 median' is the median value for summer for the 2.0°C warming level. Decimal points are included in field aliases but not in field names, e.g. 'tasmax summer change 2.0 median' is named 'tasmax_summer_change_20_median'. To understand how to explore the data, refer to the New Users ESRI Storymap. Please note, if viewing in ArcGIS Map Viewer, the map will default to ‘tasmax summer change 2.0°C median’ values.What do the 'median', 'upper', and 'lower' values mean?Climate models are numerical representations of the climate system. To capture uncertainty in projections for the future, an ensemble, or group, of climate models are run. Each ensemble member has slightly different starting conditions or model set-ups. Considering all of the model outcomes gives users a range of plausible conditions which could occur in the future.For this dataset, the model projections consist of 12 separate ensemble members. To select which ensemble members to use, the Summer Maximum Temperature Change was calculated for each ensemble member and they were then ranked in order from lowest to highest for each location.The ‘lower’ fields are the second lowest ranked ensemble member. The ‘higher’ fields are the second highest ranked ensemble member. The ‘median’ field is the central value of the ensemble.This gives a median value, and a spread of the ensemble members indicating the range of possible outcomes in the projections. This spread of outputs can be used to infer the uncertainty in the projections. The larger the difference between the lower and higher fields, the greater the uncertainty.‘Lower’, ‘median’ and ‘upper’ are also given for the baseline period as these values also come from the model that was used to produce the projections. This allows a fair comparison between the model projections and recent past.  Useful linksFor further information on the UK Climate Projections (UKCP).Further information on understanding climate data within the Met Office Climate Data Portal.